Year in Review Earth

Here are some big-if-true scientific claims that made headlines in 2023

Lightning strikes above an erupting volcano

Volcanic eruptions can generate lots of lightning. Those strikes split nitrogen molecules in the air, allowing nitrogen atoms to react with other elements to make compounds that living organisms can use.

MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES

By Maria Temming

From ancient cannibalism to stars made of dark matter, 2023 delivered several scientific claims that could shake up their fields — if they shape up to be true.

Spark of life

Early life on Earth may have gotten a boost from giant volcanic eruptions.